中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

让国产碳纤维更具竞争力******

　　让国产碳纤维更具竞争力(新知)

　　【现象】每束碳纤维都有4.8万根纤维，每根纤维直径只有头发丝直径的1/7到1/8，且纤维含碳量达到95%，强度是钢的7—9倍……前不久，我国首个万吨级48K大丝束碳纤维工程生产线在上海石化碳纤维产业基地投料开车，生产出性能媲美国外同级别的合格产品。这意味着，我国在大丝束碳纤维生产和装备国产化方面，实现了重要突破。

　　【点评】

　　一束束白色原丝经过高温碳化，便可缠绕成一轴轴高性能黑色碳纤维。别看每根单丝身量纤纤，却强度高、抗摩擦、耐腐蚀，被称为“材料黑金”，可广泛应用于航空航天、能源装备、交通运输、体育休闲等领域。它能让矗立于戈壁的风电叶片更轻巧，让疾驰于街巷的新能源汽车变得轻量化，让远在九霄云外的运载火箭更节省燃料，也能让鱼竿、球拍的耐久度大幅提升……实际上，碳纤维已深入千行百业，走进了千家万户。

　　按丝束规格的不同，有小丝束碳纤维和大丝束碳纤维之分。在业内，通常将每束碳纤维根数大于4.8万根的称为大丝束碳纤维。小丝束性能优异，但成本较高，大丝束在保持碳纤维优良性能的前提下，能大幅降低成本，从而为市场应用打开更大空间。

　　近年来，随着我国高新技术产业的壮大，碳纤维的市场应用也在不断拓展。数据显示，近10年来我国碳纤维需求加速增长。2021年需求量达到6.2万吨，同比增长27.7%。除了航空航天对碳纤维的需求保持增长，以风电叶片为主的新能源市场正成为拉动碳纤维产业发展的重要引擎，推动碳纤维产业跨入以工业应用为主的新阶段。同时，我国商用航空、无人机等领域装备持续升级迭代，在可预见的未来，碳纤维需求仍将保持快速增长态势。

　　在不断扩大的市场需求牵引下，我国碳纤维行业加快向更成体系、更高性能、更低成本的方向迈进。山西钢科已形成覆盖国内高性能碳纤维领域主要品种的生产能力，中复神鹰推出年产3万吨高性能碳纤维建设项目……一段时间以来，在政策加力和企业努力下，我国不断取得碳纤维制备和应用关键技术的新突破，相关产能持续跃升，自给率不断提高。国产碳纤维的市场份额从2019年的31.7%攀升至2021年的46.9%。也应看到，国产碳纤维的性能与质量稳定性尚有不小提升空间，短期内碳纤维核心装备仍需依赖进口。在关键核心技术上打造创新矩阵，加快形成具有国际竞争优势的运行产能，是我国碳纤维产业面临的现实挑战，也是实现高质量发展的长远目标。

　　党的二十大报告提出：“推动战略性新兴产业融合集群发展，构建新一代信息技术、人工智能、生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、绿色环保等一批新的增长引擎。”这为我国碳纤维产业带来了新的发展机遇。我国门类齐全、独立完整的工业体系和超大规模市场优势，为碳纤维市场应用创造了丰富场景；规模庞大的研发队伍和持续涌现的创新型市场主体，为碳纤维技术创新提供了有力支撑。保持自主创新的战略定力，持续锻长板、补短板，定能更好激发新材料产业发展动能，为经济社会高质量发展注入汩汩活力。(人民日报 韩鑫)